Section V · Last reviewed 2026-05-16
Criticism and debate
Scientific and ethical arguments, legal cases and the response from Amsterdam UMC.
Summary
The debate over the Dutch Protocol runs along scientific, ethical and legal axes. This section documents (i) methodological and clinical criticism, (ii) ethical questions about informed consent in adolescents, (iii) the main court rulings, (iv) detransition and desistance research, and (v) the formal responses from Amsterdam UMC and its researchers.
Subpages
- Scientific criticism
- Ethical criticism — informed consent in minors
- Legal cases — Bell v Tavistock, Skrmetti
- Detransition research — Littman, Vandenbussche
- Desistance research
- Response VUmc / Amsterdam UMC
Related
- Cass Review (2024) · WPATH Files.
- Methodological criticism (studies).
- People index — Bell, Cass, Levine, Littman.
- Timeline — legal cases and publications chronologically.
- International comparison.
- FAQ · Glossary