Section V · Last reviewed 2026-05-16

Criticism and debate

Scientific and ethical arguments, legal cases and the response from Amsterdam UMC.

Summary

The debate over the Dutch Protocol runs along scientific, ethical and legal axes. This section documents (i) methodological and clinical criticism, (ii) ethical questions about informed consent in adolescents, (iii) the main court rulings, (iv) detransition and desistance research, and (v) the formal responses from Amsterdam UMC and its researchers.

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